Arms - Argent, three roebucks’ heads, couped, azure, collared or, with a bell pendent.

Crest - Within the horns of a crescent a cross crosslet fitchee sable.

The Hanna family can be traced back to the thirteenth century, when Patrick Hannay built and occupied a castle, since known in history as Castle Sorby, which is still standing, but in a half ruinous state, and is located on the waters of the Mull of Galloway in Wigton, southern half of Ayrshire, Scotland. The Hannay family came into prominence about the time of the "War of the Roses," and some of the occupants of the Castle of Sorby wielded a commanding influence during that period. The Hannays continued to occupy and own Castle Sorby until the close of the seventeenth century, and when the male members of the family all emigrated to Ireland it passed, through intermarriage with the Lords of Galloway, into the possession of Sir Alexander Stewart, of Garlies, a grandson of Sir Alexander Stewart, who had married Margaret Hannay, a daughter and heir of Patrick Hannay, of Sorby.

This Sir Alexander Stewart, who now came into possession of the seat of the Hannays, was in great favor with James VI, who knighted him in 1590 at the coronation of his consort, Queen Anne of Denmark, Sir Alexander married (first) Christian Douglas, daughter of Sir William Douglas, and (second) the Lady Elizabeth Douglas, daughter of David, Earl Angus, and widow of John, seventh Lord Maxwell (earl of Morton). He died October 9, 1596, leaving five children. His son and heir, Sir Alexander Stewart, a man of great talent, loyalty and integrity, was elevated to the peerage, July 19, 1607, by the title of Baron of Garlies, and on September 19, 1623, was advanced to the Earl of Galloway. He married, October 16, 1600, Grisel Gordon, daughter of Sir John Gordon, of Lochinvar, and dying in 1649, left two sons and a daughter. He was succeeded by his son, James Stewart, second Lord of Galloway, who, in his father’s lifetime, had been created a Baronet of Nova Scotia. He was a firm adherent of the Stuarts and was fined four hundred pounds by Oliver Cromwell for his attachment to the royal family. He lived to see the Restoration, and came into great favor with King Charles II. He married, in 1642, Nicolas Grier, daughter of Sir Robert Grier, of Grierson, M.P., and had two sons and four daughters. His oldest son, Alexander Stewart, third Lord of Galloway, married Mary, daughter of James, second Earl of Queensbury, by whom he had six sons and two daughters. The oldest son, Alexander, became fourth Earl of Galloway. The second son, James, became fifth Earl of Galloway. The third son, John, was a brigadier-general and died, unmarried, at Castle Sorby, in 1748. The fourth son, Andrew, had died or been killed in the Darien expedition in 1699. William and Robert died young, unmarried.

Castle Sorby, which appears to have fallen to the third son, John Stewart, brother of the fourth and fifth earls, about this time fell into disuse, or was not occupied by any of the Stewart family, and we find no further word of it in history since the death of its owner, in the year 1748. It still, however, is owned by the heirs of the Earls of Galloway, all of whom are descendants of Patrick Hannay of Sorby Castle.

The Hannays occupied many useful public positions. They were members of Parliament during several generations, and in 1630 Sir Robert Hannay was made a Baron. This Baronetcy is now extinct.

1. Thomas Hanna, the immigrant ancestor of the Hanna family of America, was born about 1720, in Lesarah Lock, County Monaghan, Ireland, a son of Robert and Elizabeth Hanna, and probably a grandson or great-grandson of the Hannays of Castle Sorby, in Galloway, Scotland. In 1763, with his wife, Elizabeth (Henderson) Hanna, and their six children, he came to America. Of the six children, John, the eldest, died at Newcastle, after the ship had cast anchor. The other children were: James, Robert, Hugh, Martha, and Thomas. With the Hanna family there came to America the congregation of the entire Presbyterian church of Ballybay, of which church the Hannas were members. They landed at Newcastle, Delaware, and the Hannas settled among the Quakers in Buckingham, Bucks county, Pennsylvania. In less than a year Thomas Hanna died, and is buried in the burying ground of the Friends Meeting House at Buckingham.

Elizabeth (Henderson) Hanna remained in Bucks county, Pennsylvania, until her death, in 1766. Of her remaining family, the two oldest sons, James and Robert, who were twins, were bound out to farmers in the neighborhood and remained in Bucks county until they were of age, when James went to Kentucky and Robert married, in Chester county, Pennsylvania. The remaining three children followed the tide of emigration into Western Pennsylvania, where Hugh and Thomas married and settled in Washington county, and the only sister, Martha, settled in Bedford county, Virginia, where she married Edward Saunders, only son and heir of James Saunders, who had represented Orange county, North Carolina, in the Provincial Congress which met at Halifax, April 4, 1776; and also in the Congress held in the same place, November 12, 1776.

2. James Hanna, one of the twin sons of Thomas and Elizabeth (Henderson) Hanna, was born in County Monaghan, Ireland, March 2, 1753. He emigrated to the Province of Pennsylvania, in 1763, with his parents and brothers and sister. After the death of his father, in 1764, James was reared in the family of a Presbyterian farmer in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. On April 4, 1782, at Havre de Grace, Maryland, James Hanna married (first) Hannah Bayless, who was born on a farm near Havre de Grace, Hartford county, Maryland, August 13, 1761. She was of Huguenot descent. Her grandfather, Samuel Bayless, with his brother, William, came to America in the latter part of the seventeenth century and settled near Basking Ridge, New Jersey.

Shortly after their marriage, James Hanna and his wife emigrated to Kentucky, making the entire journey on horseback, she riding on a pillion behind her husband. Here their nine children were born, and here they continued to reside until 1804, when they removed to Dayton, Ohio. Shortly after, on August 14, 1804, Hannah (Bayless) Hanna died and buried in the Old Dayton Cemetery. James Hanna married a second time, by which marriage he had four children, three of whom died in infancy. James Hanna was a weaver by trade, but a farmer by occupation. In his religious life he was an orthodox Presbyterian, serving his church for fifty years as an elder. In politics he was a Whig. He died at his home near Dayton, Ohio, October 31, 1827. The Bayless-Bayless coat-of-arms is as follows:

Arms - Gules in fesse argent between three mullets in chief, and as many martlets in base of the second.

Children of James and Hannah (Bayless) Hanna: 1. Elizabeth, born January 9, 1783, died November 27, 1857; married (first) John Johnson, a soldier of the War of 1812, who died November 15, 1816; married (second) James McGorkle; one son, William McGorkle, who became a prominent Presbyterian minister, now deceased. 2. Thomas, born in 1785, date of death unknown. 3. Martha, born January 29, 1789, died August 23, 1850; married Andrew Telford, who died June 12, 1853. 4. James, born March 31, 1791, died February 18, 1855. 5. Sarah, born July 20, 1795, died January 22, 1872; married Harvey Ward, who died September 12, 1844, while on a visit in Troy, Ohio. 6. Samuel, of whom further. 7. Hugh, born July 26, 1799, died January 18, 1869. 8. Nancy, born in 1801, died in August, 1857; married a Mr. Barnett. 9. Joseph Smith, born December 7, 1803, died August 4, 1864.

Of Samuel Hanna it may be said without exaggeration that it is impossible to write an adequate account of his life without reciting the history of Fort Wayne, nor is it possible to give a complete history of the city without embodying an account of his career.

(III) Samuel Hanna, son of James and Hannah (Bayless) Hanna, was born in Scott county, Kentucky, October 18, 1797. His father, James Hanna, moved to Dayton, Ohio, in 1804, and cleared a farm near the site of that town. Here Samuel’s early days were passed, and his educational privileges were no greater than those of most pioneer boys. His first occupation, away from home, was as a post driver, distributing newspapers to subscribers throughout the country, there then being no mail service for that purpose. In his nineteenth year he was a clerk in a Piqua store, and he and another ambitious young tradesman bought out the store, giving their note for three thousand dollars. Soon afterward these notes were transferred to an innocent purchaser, and a writ of attachment followed, taking the goods away from Hanna and his partner. The notes being pressed for collection, the partner pleaded infancy, a valid defense, but Hanna refused to do so, and though he had been swindled, he declared his purpose to pay his obligations in full. When he was able he did so, principal and interest. Such incidents as these explain the remarkable strength he afterward had in the financial world, and the almost unbounded credit which enabled him to assume the main burden of great enterprises. After teaching school for some time, he next became prominent as a purveyor at a treaty at St. Mary’s in 1818 with his brother Thomas. They hauled provisions from Troy, Ohio, and by their enterprise secured a small sum of money, a little of which was potent in those day’s on the frontier. At St. Mary’s he decided to come to Fort Wayne, and at this little settlement he arrived in 1819. He established a trading post in a log cabin, the work on which was mostly done by his own hands, on the northwest corner of Columbia and Barr streets, thoroughfares at that time, however, unknown. In the Indian trade Mr. Hanna was a notable exception to those men who unscrupulously enriched themselves, and his fair and honorable dealings endeared him to the red men, and afterward to the settlers who took the place of his dusky customers. Legitimate profits were the basis of his large fortune, upon which foundation he built with a rare business sagacity, and an economy which dissuaded him from spending one dollar for personal luxuries until he was worth five thousand dollars. During the period of his early trading here, manufactured goods were purchased in Boston or New York, and came by the lakes and down the Maumee in pirogues, or were brought from Detroit with pack-horses. Provisions of all kinds were brought from southwestern Ohio by way of St. Mary’s river, in the care of sturdy boatsmen, who were frequently delayed by fallen trees which barred the stream until they were cut away. These discomforts of commerce early turned the attention of Mr. Hanna to the improvement of routes of transportation. Before the time of canal agitation began, he had widely extended his possessions. He had acted several years as agent of the American Fur Company, and was rapidly acquiring land throughout Indiana. His influence was aided also by his service as the first associate judge of Allen county. The canal project had it’s inception in a conversation between Judge Hanna and David Burr, at the home of the former, and their efforts secured the land grant by Congress. There was opposition to the acceptance of the grant, and Judge Hanna was elected to the Legislature as a champion of the canal. He had previously served in the House in 1826, and his subsequent membership of that body was in 1831 and 1840. He had served in the Senate from 1832 to 1836. He went to New York to purchase the instruments, which he brought on horseback from Detroit to Fort Wayne, when the survey was begun on the St. Joseph River, Mr. Burr acting as rod man and Mr. Hanna as axe man, both at ten dollars per month. The climate vanquished the engineer on the second section, and the two invincible pioneers continued the work alone. They reported to the next Legislature, and Judge Hanna, being a member, secured the passage of an act authorizing the construction of the canal. No one contributed more to the success of the work in the early and trying years of its history than Samuel Hanna. From 1828 to 1836 he was successively canal commissioner and fund commissioner, negotiating the money with which the work was carried on, besides acting in the Legislature as chairman of the canal committee.

During the same period, he took a prominent part in the organization of the financial policy of the State, subsequent to the veto of the "United States Bank Act." The creation of state banks being recommended by the president, Judge Hanna was given an opportunity to consider the proper measures to take in that direction. He strenuously opposed and defeated a measure proposed, and in the next Legislature was given, as chairman of the committee having the measure in charge, the duty of drafting a charter. This he did so wisely that the state banking system of Indiana, which stood until the time of the Civil War, was always substantial and a credit to Indiana. A branch was at once established at Fort Wayne, of which Judge Hanna was president for a considerable period.

In 1836, Judge Hanna purchased the remaining land interests of Barr and McCorkle, now within the city limits, and until the opening of the canal brought a large increase in population he was much embarrassed by this absorption of his capital. But he never distressed those who had purchased his lands and failed in meeting their obligations, preferring to suffer inconvenience himself, and many landowners owe their prosperity today to his kindness. After the building of the canal, an era followed in improvement which may be termed the plank road epoch. Jesse Vermilyea visited some of these highways in the East and Canada, and his report incited Judge Hanna and others to the construction of such roads for the benefit of Fort Wayne. A route was provided by the canal from East to West, substantially that of the Wabash railroad of today, and now a route from North to South, a forerunner of the Grand Rapids & Indiana road, was a desideratum. The Fort Wayne & Lima (La Grange county) Plank Road Company was organized, and stock subscriptions solicited. But cash was very scarce, and subscriptions were mostly made in goods, land and labor. Nearly all the necessary capital was borrowed from the branch bank, and this was spent in erecting saw mills. Contractors being timid, Judge Hanna himself took the first ten miles north of Fort Wayne and personally supervised, axe in hand, and did much of the work. Like a born general he led, and a necessary sequel, others followed. With the co-operation of William Mitchell, Drusus Nichols, and others, within two years there was a plank road from Fort Wayne to Ontario, a distance of fifty miles. This, the pioneer plank road of northern Indiana, was followed by the Pipua road, in which Mr. Hanna was also an indispensable factor.

Now the era opened in which the prosperity of cities depended upon the building of railroads, and again Judge Hanna led the army of progress. Peculiarly in this direction did he have the great influence upon the future of Fort Wayne, in the growth of which the railroad industries have had a predominant part. When that grand national line of railway which is now the pride and strength of Fort Wayne, and with which his name is forever identified, the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago railway, was first projected—beginning with the section from Pittsburgh to Massillon, thence from Massillon to Crestline, thence from Crestline to Fort Wayne, and finally developing in the grand idea of a consolidated continuous line of railway from Pittsburgh to Chicago—Judge Hanna was among the first to see, to appreciate, and to take hold of the golden enterprise that was, in ten years time, to bring Fort Wayne from the condition of an insignificant country town to rank and dignity among the first commercial and manufacturing cities of Indiana. When the construction reached Crestline, Judge Hanna and his friends induced the voting of a subscription of one hundred thousand dollars by Allen county, which was the turning point toward the completion of the enterprise. Judge Hanna, Pliny Hoagland and William Mitchell took the contract for the construction of the section from Crestline to Fort Wayne, one hundred and thirty one miles, but in a short time funds gave out, the work stopped, and gloom overspread the hopes of the city. Dr. Merriman, the president of the company, resigned. In this emergency, the great strength of character of Samuel Hanna was the unfailing resource.

He was elected president, and in three days was in the East, pledging the individual credit of the contractors for the necessary funds. Being successful, he hastened to Montreal and Quebec, and redeemed the iron, which was held for transportation charges. The work was resumed, and in November, 1854, the trains from Philadelphia ran into Fort Wayne.

While not overwhelmed with the work just mentioned, the Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad Company was organized and Judge Hanna was elected president. Money was to be derived from the sale of stocks and bonds which, when paid, amounted in cash to less than three per cent of the cost of construction and equipment. The main part of the subscription was paid in land and labor. The sale of bonds was slow and discouraging. Quoting the appreciative words of Hon. J.K. Edgertoun:

The powerful corporation, now so strong and prosperous, measuring its annual income by well nigh half a score of million dollars, from the fall of 1854 to the close of 1860, passed through a fearful struggle, not only for the completion of its work, but for its own corporate and financial life. The financial disasters of 1857 found the consolidated company with an incomplete road, with meager revenues, and a broken credit. Many of its best friends, even among its own managers, were inclined to grow weary and to faint by the way.

Through all this trying period no man worked more faithfully and hopefully, or was consulted more freely, or leaned upon with more confidence than Judge Hanna. He was a tower of strength to an almost ruined enterprise. He was at brief times gloomy and desponding, but he was a man of large hope and a robust physical organization, that eminently fitted him to stand up and toil on to a successful end. No man who has ever been connected with the management of the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad has had a larger share of confidence of all interested in it than Judge Hanna possessed. In all phases of the company affairs, in the midst of negotiations involving the most vital interests in Chicago, Cleveland, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh and New York, surrounded by the most sagacious financiers and railway men of the country, such men as J.F.D. Lanier, Richard H. Winslow, John Ferguson, Charles Moran, J. Edgar Thompson, William B. Ogden, George W. Cass and Amasa Stone. There was in Judge Hanna a weight of character, a native sagacity, and farseeing judgment, and a fidelity of purpose to the public trust he represented that commanded the respect of all and made him a peer of the ablest of them. Judge Hanna was especially the advocate and guardian of the local interests of the road. He was ever watchful for the home stockholders, the local trade, the rights and interests of the towns and counties on the railway and of the men who worked on the road. In those dark days, when the company did not, or could not, always pay its men, and suffering and strikes were impending, Judge Hanna sympathized with, and did all he could for, the men on the road who earned their daily bread by the work of their hands. He had always in his mind the welfare of Fort Wayne and worked unceasingly for the establishment of the immense shops of the company in this city. In this he had the aid of able men, but he had to encounter the opposition of others no less active. By direct demand, by strategy and invincible persistence in the meetings of the directors, he pursued his object to success.

Before the road reached Chicago, the consolidation and formation of the great Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railroad Company was accomplished, mainly thought the efforts of Judge Hanna, who became vice-president. The road being completed to Plymouth, there was sentiment in using another line from that point to Chicago, but Mr. Hanna pressed for an independent, through line, and was soon successful.

About three months before the end of his career he was called to a meeting at Grand Rapids of the directors of the proposed Grand Rapids & Indiana Railroad Company, another project which languished, and was chosen president of the company, though he feared to assume the responsibility. In addition to these greater projects, Judge Hanna was a partner in the establishment of a woolen factory, the Great Bass Foundry and Machine Shops, and the Old’s manufactories, to the founding of which he contributed capital.

His religious training was in the faith of the Presbyterian church, of which his father was an elder for some fifty years. He (Judge Hanna) joined that church in 1843, and was a ruling elder during the greater part of the remained of his life.

His last illness was of short duration. Taken ill June 6, 1866, he died on the 11^th. The city of Fort Wayne mourned as it never had before. The council, passing resolutions of sorrow, adjourned; houses were draped with sombre crepe; and the railroad shops and buildings were festooned with evergreen, through which ran the inscription "Samuel Hanna, Workingman’s Friend." The bells of the churches tolled in unison while a procession two miles in length followed his mortal remains to the grave.

Marked features of Judge Hanna’s character were his untiring energy, hopefulness, and self-reliance. He was not a polished or highly educated man, nor enjoyed the benefits of a higher education than schools can give. He was eminently a leader, a general of civil life, and an administrator of affairs. Not a man of minutiae or notably systematic, his office was to call such intellects as lieutenants to his service, while he held in his broad and comprehensive mind the great plan with all its bearings and objects. He was a planner and a builder rather than a legislator. With high elements of statesmanship in his character, the work that lay before him was of the formative kind, and to him was given the opportunity to be higher than a statesman , in that he was one of those great characters of imperishable memory, who are known as the builders of cities and the founders of commonwealths. Like all such men his private life was irreproachable and his family life quaint and lovable. A monument to this noble man stands in the beautiful Lindenwood Cemetery, but Fort Wayne itself is his most worthy memorial, and right worthily might be copied for Samuel Hanna that famous epitaph to the architect of the great London Cathedral, "Si monumentum quaeris circumspice."

The homestead of Samuel Hanna is still in its original form, situated on Lewis street. It was built in 1832, and his children were all born and reared in it. His only surviving child is Eliza Hanna Hayden, widow of the late Fred J. Hayden, who has occupied the homestead for a great many years. She is one of the charter members of the Fort Wayne Historical Society and is its present vice-president, served as president of the Fort Wayne Young Women’s Christian Association for eight years, and is still active in various church, welfare, civic, social and charitable societies. She is a member of the First Presbyterian Church, and is connected with its various missionary activities, that church having been founded and built by her father.

Judge Samuel Hanna married, in Fort Wayne, Indiana, March 7, 1822, Eliza Taylor, who was born at Clinton, now a part of Buffalo, New York, February 13, 1803, daughter of Israel and Mary (Blair) Taylor, of Massachusetts. She came to Fort Wayne on a visit with her sister, Mrs. Laura Suttenfield. Mrs. Hanna possessed great nobility of character, great personal courage, and the ability to handle the affairs of home and society with ease. Although delicate in appearance, she possessed a strong constitution, and was to her husband an encouraging helpmate, an over ready friend to all those in need, and her long life was spent in well doing. Eliza (Taylor) Hanna’s Grandfather Blair was an officer in the Revolutionary War, and lived to the age of over one hundred years. Eliza (Taylor) Hanna died in the Hanna homestead, Fort Wayne, Indiana, February 12, 1888, having lived in this fine, old homestead for twenty-one years after the death of her husband. Judge and Mrs. Samuel Hanna became the parents of twelve sons and one daughter, eight of the sons growing to manhood, also the daughter, namely: 1. James Bayless. 2. Amos Thomas. 3. Henry Clay. 4. Charles. 5. Samuel Telford. 6. Horace Hovey. 7. William Willis. 8. Hugh Taylor. 9. Eliza, widow of Hon. Fred J. Hayden, resides at the Hanna homestead in Fort Wayne, Indiana. The Taylor coat-of-arms is as follows:

Taylor Arms - Ermine, on a chief dancettee sable a ducal coronet or, between two escallops argent.

Crest - A demi-lion rampant sable holding between the paws a ducal coronet or.

The Blair coat-of-arms is as follows:

Blair Arms - Argent on a saltire sable nine mascles of the first.

Crest - A stag lodged proper.

Motto - Amo probos.

(The Hayden Line).

Fred J. Hayden, whose name is worthy of a prominent place in the list of men whose true worth has made Fort Wayne and Indiana most clearly entitled to superior recognition, is a man devoted to the public interests, and he has contributed generously of his talents and abilities to further the interest of all the people. As a business man his influence tended to raise to a high plane the various enterprises with which he was connected.

Fred J. Hayden was born in Cobourg, in the province of Ontario, Canada, the son of Rev. William and Jane (Kirsop) Hayden, both natives of England. His parents, ever interested in his advancement, provided the means for excellent educational advantages in his home town, after which he entered Victoria College, where he was graduated as a member of the class of 1864. Two years afterward he was honored by his alma mater with the degree of Master of Arts. Following the period of his graduation, Mr. Hayden’s abilities, while still a youth, were recognized in his connection with the Cobourg and Marmora Railway and Mining Company as its secretary, which position he held for a number of years. He resigned his connection with this concern in 1874, and came directly to Fort Wayne, which was his residence until the time of his death, thirty-two years later. He early identified himself with the best element in the city in its civic and social life, and lost no time in taking the steps to qualify as a citizen of the United States.

1n 1884 Mr. Hayden was elected as the representative of the people of Allen county in the Indiana House of Representatives, and here, for two terms, he served with signal efficiency. In 1888 still higher appreciation and honor were accorded him in his election as State Senator to represent the counties of Allen and Whitley. At the latter election he was given an unusually large and flattering majority, and his capabilities for the high office were manifested during the two sessions of his service in the Senate. As a member of this body he was active in securing the passage of the Australian election law in 1889, and of the new tax law in 1891. These two enactments were considered a splendid advance step in modern legislation. Soon after locating in Fort Wayne, Mr. Haden became connected prominently with the management of the First National Bank as a member of its directorate, and he identified himself with the management of a number of large estates in Fort Wayne, a business which he conducted with much credit to himself and profit to his clients.

When the matter of holding the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 was agitated, and when the most dependable and intelligent men of the various states were called upon to take an active part in furthering the great enterprise, Mr. Hayden was among the first to receive recognition. In May, 1891, he was appointed by Governor Hovey as one of the World’s Fair Commissioners, and in June of the same year, at the initial session of the commissioners, he was unanimously elected treasurer of the World’s Fair Managers of Indiana, which responsible and exacting office he filled to the entire satisfaction of the commission and the people of his State. It has been very truthfully claimed that it was owing to the careful and conservative management of the funds appropriated for this magnificent enterprise by the State that Indiana was enabled to make such a typical and representative showing, and to keep its buildings open until the close of the exposition period. It is worthy of record in this connection that when all accounts were finally adjusted and all expenses met, Mr. Hayden was enabled to turn back into the State Treasury nearly two thousand dollars. The selection of Mr. Hayden, a Democrat, by Governor Hovey, a Republican, to serve in this connection, discloses Governor Hovey’s ability to recognize dependability and public spirit regardless of party affiliations. As a university graduate, together with practical application of the principles learned in the home and in the school, Mr. Hayden was particularly well fitted, by reason of his many sterling qualities of heart and mind, to fittingly fill the varying positions to which he was called.

In 1873 was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Hayden to Eliza Hanna, the only daughter of the late Judge Samuel Hanna, for many years recognized as Fort Wayne’s foremost citizen, and their home on East Lewis street was the scene of much social activity during the life of Mr. Hayden. The Hanna homestead, which was built by her honorable father in the year 1832, is still one of the interesting show places of Fort Wayne, being the only pioneer dwelling to be kept in its original form. Mrs. Eliza (Hanna) Hayden has been associated with many prominent women’s organizations in her native city during her life, and has served for a period of eight years as the president of the Young Women’s Christian Association. She has also been at the head of the Women’s League and